Let's say G dominant 7th. If you spell that its G B D F. If you take off the root and spell B D F you have a Bmin flat 5 triad, if you spell G B D F A that spells a G dom7th with nine. If you take the root off of that you have BDFA. That spells a Bmin7b5. So when you have a G dom7 you can play a Bmin7b5 chord or arpeggio. When you play arps or triads make sure you play them from the other way as well like A F D B. Now if we extend up we will leave off the B and we will have D F A..that spells a D minor..if you extend up to C we have D F A C..now we have a Dminor 7th over G dom 7th. If we continue we leave of the D we have F A C E now we have an F major7th over a G dom 7th. You can also play a D minor pentatonic over G dom 7th or D Dorian over G7 which is DEFGABCD. So over any Dom 7th chord you go up a major third and play a minor7b5 arp or chord, up a fifth you can play a minor 7th arp or minor triad, down a whole step you can play a major triad or major7th arp. The only thing with the Fmajor triad over G7 is the C note in Fmaj makes it sound like a sus chord. But I find F maj 7th over G dom7 sounds real nice especially when you start on the E and come down the Fmaj7th chord. Here's a quick example:
C dom7th, you can play Bbmaj, Bbmaj7th, Gmin triad, Gminor7th arp, Emin7b5
Adom7th, you can play G maj triad, G maj7th, Emin triad, Emin7th, C#min7thb5
Fdom7th you can play Cmin triad, Cmin arp, Eb maj, Eb maj7th, Amin7b5
Bb dom7th you can play Abmaj triad, Abmaj7th, Fmin triad, Fminor7th, Dmin7b5
Try to do these in all keys. They are useful and get you away from scales. Plenty more coming on dominant scales. JC
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